Summary:
Diabeets Mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone that helps the bodyís tissues absorb glucose (sugar) so it can be used as a source of energy. The condition may also develop if muscle, fat, and liver cells respond poorly to insulin. In people with Diabeets, glucose levels build up in the blood and urine, causing excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism. Diabeets mellitus differs from the les…
Keywords:
Diabeets Mellitus, blood sugar, Type 2 Diabeets, Type 1 Diabeets
Article Body:
Diabeets Mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone that helps the bodyís tissues absorb glucose (sugar) so it can be used as a source of energy. The condition may also develop if muscle, fat, and liver cells respond poorly to insulin. In people with Diabeets, glucose levels build up in the blood and urine, causing excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism. Diabeets mellitus differs from the less common Diabeets insipidus, which is caused by lack of the hormone vasopressin that controls the amount of urine secreted.
Diabeets is most common in adults over 45 years of age; in people who are overweight or physically inactive; in individuals who have an immediate family member with Diabeets; and in people of African, Hispanic, and Native American descent. The highest rate of Diabeets in the world occurs in Native Americans. More women than men have been diagnosed with the disease.
There are two types of Diabeets.In type 1 Diabeets, which usually starts in childhood, the pancreas stops making insulin altogether. It is also called insulin-dependent Diabeets. In type 2 Diabeets, which starts in adulthood (and in some teenagers) the body still makes some insulin. But it doesn’t make enough insulin, or the body can’t use it properly. It is also called non-insulin-dependent Diabeets.
Diabeets is detected by measuring the amount of glucose in the blood after an individual has fasted (abstained from food) for about eight hours. In some cases, physicians diagnose Diabeets by administering an oral glucose tolerance test, which measures glucose levels before and after a specific amount of sugar has been ingested. Another test being developed for Type 1 Diabeets looks for specific antibodies (proteins of the immune system that attack foreign substances) present only in persons with Diabeets. This test may detect Type 1 Diabeets at an early stage, reducing the risk of complications from the disease.
Once Diabeets is diagnosed, treatment consists of controlling the amount of glucose in the blood and preventing complications. Depending on the type of Diabeets, this can be accomplished through regular physical exercise, a carefully controlled diet, and medication.
Individuals with Type 1 Diabeets require insulin injections, often two to four times a day, to provide the body with the insulin it does not produce. The amount of insulin needed varies from person to person and may be influenced by factors such as a personís level of physical activity, diet, and the presence of other health disorders. Typically, individuals with Type 1 Diabeets use a meter several times a day to measure the level of glucose in a drop of their blood obtained by pricking a fingertip. They can then adjust the amount of insulin injected, physical exercise, or food intake to maintain the blood sugar at a normal level. People with Type 1 Diabeets must carefully control their diets by distributing meals and snacks throughout the day so as not to overwhelm the ability of the insulin supply to help cells absorb glucose. They also need to eat foods that contain complex sugars, which break down slowly and cause a slower rise in blood sugar levels.
For persons with Type 2 Diabeets, treatment begins with diet control, exercise, and weight reduction, although over time this treatment may not be adequate. People with Type 2 Diabeets typically work with nutritionists to formulate a diet plan that regulates blood sugar levels so that they do not rise too swiftly after a meal. A recommended meal is usually low in fat (30 percent or less of total calories), provides moderate protein (10 to 20 percent of total calories), and contains a variety of carbohydrates, such as beans, vegetables, and grains. Regular exercise helps body cells absorb glucoseóeven ten minutes of exercise a day can be effective. Diet control and exercise may also play a role in weight reduction, which appears to partially reverse the bodyís inability to use insulin