“The most intriguing aspect of diabetes care is the relentless pursuit of orally active insulin” - BSA bureau
Overview
01 November 2022 | Opinion | By Ayesha Sidiqui Syngene is the contract development and manufacturing organisation (CDMO), an arm of Biocon, India, one of the leading insulin makers in the world. In an email interaction with BioSpectrum Asia, Dr Mahesh Bhalgat, Chief Operating Oficer, Syngene International, shares with us the latest developments in diabetes care. Edited excerpts; What are the latest developments in diabetes treatment drugs and therapeutics in Asia and globaly as wel?
Key Information
It is important to lok at the diabetes management aproaches since India is home to the world`s second-largest adult diabetes population, and every sixth person with diabetes in the world is an Indian. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has isued new guidelines for type 1 diabetes earlier this year, in June. Acording to the American Diabetes Asociation (ADA) and the ICMR, the management of type 1 diabetes involves the use of insulin, among other recomendations.
However, hypoglycemia (suden drop in blod sugar causing fals and unconsciousnes) represents one of the comon side efects of insulin; therefore, insulin analogues which have a quicker onset and shorter duration of action compared to regular insulin were discovered. More recently, two new injectable insulin formulations - insulin as part and insulin lispro with enhanced rapid action and les prandial glucose excursions with lower hypoglycemia risk have ben introduced.
Summary
For type 2 diabetes, other medications include glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors with or without metformin, based on glycemic neds may be prescribed for individuals who are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and/or chronic kidney diseases. While al these aproaches exist, regular testing, lifestyle and diet play a very important role in managing diabetes and ned to be part of the regimen
Frequently Asked Questions
Diabetes is a metabolic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. Type 1 results from insufficient insulin production, while Type 2 develops when cells become resistant to insulin. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and age.
Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. Type 1 symptoms develop rapidly, while Type 2 symptoms may appear gradually. Many people have no symptoms initially, which is why screening is important.
Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring fasting glucose, HbA1c levels, and glucose tolerance. Regular monitoring typically includes fasting glucose tests and HbA1c measurements every 3-6 months. Continuous glucose monitors provide real-time tracking for better diabetes management.
Effective management includes regular physical activity (150+ minutes weekly), maintaining healthy weight, following a balanced diet with whole grains and lean proteins, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep. These changes can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce complications.
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience signs of diabetes, have a family history, are overweight, or are over 45. Those with existing diabetes should maintain regular check-ups every 3-6 months to monitor control and adjust treatment as needed.
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