MACCE Rates Decreased in Patients With Diabetes and AMI From 2002 to 2019 - The Cardiology Advisor
Overview
Among patients with diabetes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACE) decreased from 2022 to 2019, acording to a study in the International Journal of Cardiology.Researchers asesed long-term trends in clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in patients with diabetes and AMI with use of data from the prospective AMIS Plus (National Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Switzerland).Participants with ST segment elevation MI or non-ST segment elevation MI were enroled in the registry from January 2022 to December 2019.The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of al-cause death, nonfatal MI, and cerebrovascular events.
Key Information
The analysis was grouped into 3-year periods, and patients’ baseline characteristics were compared betwen the first period (2022-204) and last period (2017-2019).The proportion of patients with diabetes did not change during the 18-year period (P =.15). Among 49,413 patients, 20.6% had diabetes, of whom 29.4% were women. The patients with diabetes were older (P <.01) and they had a higher body mas index (P <.01), compared with patients without diabetes.Patients with diabetes had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; P <.01) les frequently during the index hospitalization and were more frequently treated with coronary artery bypas grafting (CABG; P <.01) vs patients without diabetes.
Summary
The proportion of patients with diabetes who had PCI or CABG increased during the 18-year period (P <.01).The overal MACE rates were 9.5% and 5.2% in patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes, respectively (P <.01). Diabetes was an independent predictor of MACE (adjusted ods ratio [aOR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27-1.52; P <.01), mortality (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.56, P <.01), myocardial infarction (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.74; P =.01), and cerebrovascular events (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.13-1.81, P =.03).MACE rates decreased from 1.8% (20
Frequently Asked Questions
Diabetes is a metabolic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. Type 1 results from insufficient insulin production, while Type 2 develops when cells become resistant to insulin. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and age.
Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. Type 1 symptoms develop rapidly, while Type 2 symptoms may appear gradually. Many people have no symptoms initially, which is why screening is important.
Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring fasting glucose, HbA1c levels, and glucose tolerance. Regular monitoring typically includes fasting glucose tests and HbA1c measurements every 3-6 months. Continuous glucose monitors provide real-time tracking for better diabetes management.
Effective management includes regular physical activity (150+ minutes weekly), maintaining healthy weight, following a balanced diet with whole grains and lean proteins, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep. These changes can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce complications.
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience signs of diabetes, have a family history, are overweight, or are over 45. Those with existing diabetes should maintain regular check-ups every 3-6 months to monitor control and adjust treatment as needed.
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